linux时间和日期设置
- 内容摘要
- 一.linux网络设置
- 二.linux时间和日期设置
- 1.date命令
- 2.cal命令
- 3.timedatectl命令
- 4.显示与设置时区
- 5.ntp网络校时
- 三.linux语系设置
- 四.linux防火墙设置
1.date命令
回到顶部
peter@initroot:/home/wwwroot/$ date
Tue Dec 31 11:24:54 CST 2019
更多date命令信息参考：date
date命令可以按照指定的格式显示当前时间或者设置系统时间：
peter@peter-VirtualBox:~$ date
Fri Oct 11 09:29:49 CST 2019
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not 'now'
--debug annotate the parsed date,
and warn about questionable usage to stderr
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date; once for each line of DATEFILE
-I[FMT], --iso-8601[=FMT] output date/time in ISO 8601 format.
FMT='date' for date only (the default),
'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', or 'ns'
for date and time to the indicated precision.
Example: 2006-08-14T02:34:56-06:00
-R, --rfc-email output date and time in RFC 5322 format.
Example: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 02:34:56 -0600
--rfc-3339=FMT output date/time in RFC 3339 format.
FMT='date', 'seconds', or 'ns'
for date and time to the indicated precision.
Example: 2006-08-14 02:34:56-06:00
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g., 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
%l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%q quarter of year (1..4)
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
The following optional flags may follow '%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
Examples:
Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date
$ date --date='@2147483647'
Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ)
$ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date
Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US
$ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'
GNU coreutils online help: http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ Full documentation at: http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/date or available locally via: info '(coreutils) date invocation'
2.cal命令
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peter@initroot:~$ cal
December 2019
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
cal命令用于显示日历，是calendar的缩写。默认没有参数的情况下显示当前月份
peter@peter-VirtualBox:~/Desktop/test$ cal
October 2019
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
选项:
-l：显示单月输出；
-3：显示临近三个月的日历；
-s：将星期日作为月的第一天；
-m：将星期一作为月的第一天；
-j：显示“julian”日期；
-y：显示当前年的日历。
关于cal的详细信息可参考man cal
更多cal命令信息参考：cal3.timedatectl命令
回到顶部timedatectl命令常用格式如下：
[root@study ~]# timedatectl [commamd]
选项与参数:
list-timezones :列出系统上支持的所有时区名称timedatectl的时间格式可以是yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM!比较方便记忆喔!
set-timezone :设置时区位置
set-time :设置时间
set-ntp :设置网络校时系统
例如将时间调整到2020年9月1号19时02分：
[root@study ~]# timedatectl set-time "2020-09-01 19:02"
如果使用date修改日期,还得使用hwclock命令修正BIOS记录的时间。通过timedatectl全部搞定,方便又轻松!4.显示与设置时区
回到顶部
[root@study ~]# timedatectl
Local time: Fri 2020-02-21 17:19:15 CST
Universal time: Fri 2020-02-21 09:19:15 UTC
RTC time: Thu 2020-02-20 21:07:39
Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: no
systemd-timesyncd.service active: yes
RTC in local TZ: no
list-timezones选项可以列出系统中所有的时区，配合grep命令查看是否支持New_York时区：
[root@study ~]# timedatectl list-timezones | grep -i new
America/New_York
America/North_Dakota/New_Salem
将系统时区设置为New_York时区：
[root@study ~]# timedatectl set-timezone "America/New_York"
[root@study ~]# timedatectl
Local time: Fri 2020-02-21 04:52:10 EST
Universal time: Fri 2020-02-21 09:52:10 UTC
RTC time: Thu 2020-02-20 21:40:34
Time zone: America/New_York (EST, -0500)
System clock synchronized: no
systemd-timesyncd.service active: yes
RTC in local TZ: no
通过上面的信息输出可以看出我们成功将系统的时区设置为New_York时区了，
现在设置回上海时区：
[root@study ~]# timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai"
5.ntp网络校时
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[root@study ~]# ntpdate ntp.ntsc.ac.cn
21 Feb 18:52:28 ntpdate[7971]: step time server 114.118.7.163 offset 0.979462 sec
[root@study ~]# hwclock -w
ntp.ntsc.ac.cn为中国科学院国家授时中心。hwclock将时间写入BIOS时间记录!
可以将上述任务写入crontab来自动更新系统时间!
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